[Code of Federal Regulations]

[Title 49, Volume 5, Parts 400 to 999]

[Revised as of October 1, 1999]

From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access

[CITE: 49CFR571.108]

[Page 226-299]

                        TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION

                   CHAPTER V--NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC

                    SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT

                            OF TRANSPORTATION

PART 571--FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS--Table of Contents

            Subpart B--Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

Sec. 571.108  Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment.

    S1.  Scope. This standard specifies requirements for original and 

replacement lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment.

    S2.  Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce traffic 

accidents and deaths and injuries resulting from traffic accidents, by 

providing adequate illumination of the roadway, and by enhancing the 

conspicuity of motor vehicles on the public roads so that their presence 

is perceived and their signals understood, both in daylight and in 

darkness or other conditions of reduced visibility.

    S3.  Application. This standard applies to:

    (a) Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, 

trailers (except pole trailers and trailer converter dollies), and 

motorcycles;

    (b) Retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors manufactured to 

conform to S5.7 of this standard; and

    (c) Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment for 

replacement of like equipment on vehicles to which this standard 

applies.

    S4.  Definitions.

    Aiming Reference Plane means a plane which is perpendicular to the 

longitudinal axis of the vehicle and tangent to

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the forwardmost aiming pad on the headlamp.

    Beam contributor means an indivisible optical assembly including a 

lens, reflector, and light source, that is part of an integral beam 

headlighting system and contributes only a portion of a headlamp beam.

    Cargo lamp is a lamp that is mounted on a multipurpose passenger 

vehicle, truck, or bus for the purpose of providing illumination to load 

or unload cargo.

    Cutoff means a generally horizontal, visual/optical aiming cue in 

the lower beam that marks a separation between areas of higher and lower 

luminance.

    Direct reading indicator means a device that is mounted in its 

entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting 

equipment, is part of a VHAD, and provides information about headlamp 

aim in an analog or digital format.

    Effective projected luminous lens area means that area of the 

projection on a plane perpendicular to the lamp axis of that portion of 

the light-emitting surface that directs light to the photometric test 

pattern, and does not include mounting hole bosses, reflex reflector 

area, beads or rims that may glow or produce small areas of increased 

intensity as a result of uncontrolled light from small areas (\1/2\ deg. 

radius around the test point).

    Filament means that part of the light source or light emitting 

element(s), such as a resistive element, the excited portion of a 

specific mixture of gases under pressure, or any part of other energy 

conversion sources, that generates radiant energy which can be seen.

    Flash means a cycle of activation and deactivation of a lamp by 

automatic means continuing until stopped either automatically or 

manually.

    Fully opened means the position of the headlamp concealment device 

in which the headlamp is in the design open operating position.

    Headlamp concealment device means a device, with its operating 

system and components, that provides concealment of the headlamp when it 

is not in use, including a movable headlamp cover and a headlamp that 

displaces for concealment purposes.

    Headlamp test fixture means a device designed to support a headlamp 

or headlamp assembly in the test position specified in the laboratory 

tests and whose mounting hardware and components are those necessary to 

operate the headlamp as installed in a motor vehicle.

    Integral beam headlamp means a headlamp (other than a standardized 

sealed beam headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S7.3 or a 

replaceable bulb headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S7.5) 

comprising an integral and indivisible optical assembly including lens, 

reflector, and light source, except that a headlamp conforming to 

paragraph S7.8.5.2 or paragraph S7.8.5.3 may have a lens designed to be 

replaceable.

    Multiple compartment lamp means a device which gives its indication 

by two or more separately lighted areas which are joined by one or more 

common parts, such as a housing or lens.

    Multiple lamp arrangement means an array of two or more separate 

lamps on each side of the vehicle which operate together to give a 

signal.

    Remote reading indicator means a device that is not mounted in its 

entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting 

equipment, but otherwise meets the definition of a direct reading 

indicator.

    Replaceable bulb headlamp means a headlamp comprising a bonded lens 

and reflector assembly and one or two replaceable headlamp light 

sources, except that a headlamp conforming to paragraph S7.8.5.2 or 

paragraph S7.8.5.3 may have a lens designed to be replaceable.

    Replaceable light source means an assembly of a capsule, base, and 

terminals that is designed to conform to the requirements of Appendix A 

or Appendix B of part 564 Replaceable Light Source Information of this 

Chapter.

    Vehicle headlamp aiming device or VHAD means motor vehicle 

equipment, installed either on a vehicle or headlamp, which is used for 

determining the horizontal or vertical aim, or both the vertical and 

horizontal aim of the headlamp.

    Visually/optically aimable headlamp means a headlamp which is 

designed to

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be visually/optically aimable in accordance with the requirements of 

paragraph S7.8.5.3 of this standard.

    S5.  Requirements.

    S5.1  Required motor vehicle lighting equipment.

    S5.1.1  Except as provided in succeeding paragraphs of this S5.1.1, 

each vehicle shall be equipped with at least the number of lamps, 

reflective devices, and associated equipment specified in Tables I and 

III and S7, as applicable. Required equipment shall be designed to 

conform to the SAE Standards or Recommended Practices referenced in 

those tables. Table I applies to multipurpose passenger vehicles, 

trucks, trailers, and buses, 80 or more inches in overall width. Table 

III applies to passenger cars and motorcycles and to multipurpose 

passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses, less than 80 inches in 

overall width.

    S5.1.1.1  A truck tractor need not be equipped with turn signal 

lamps mounted on the rear if the turn signal lamps at or near the front 

are so constructed (double-faced) and so located that they meet the 

requirements for double-faced turn signals specified in SAE Standard 

J588e, Turn Signal Lamps, September 1970.

    S5.1.1.2  A truck tractor need not be equipped with any rear side 

marker devices, rear clearance lamps, and rear identification lamps.

    S5.1.1.3  Intermediate side marker devices are not required on 

vehicles less than 30 feet in overall length.

    S5.1.1.4  Reflective material conforming to Federal Specification L-

S-300, Sheeting and Tape, Reflective; Non-exposed Lens, Adhesive 

Backing, September 7, 1965, may be used for side reflex reflectors if 

this material as used on the vehicle, meets the performance standards in 

either Table I or Table IA of SAE Standard J594f, Reflex Reflectors, 

January 1977.

    S5.1.1.5  The turn signal operating unit on each passenger car, and 

multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus less than 80 inches in 

overall width shall be self-canceling by steering wheel rotation and 

capable of cancellation by a manually operated control.

    S5.1.1.6  Instead of the photometric values specified in Table 1 of 

SAE Standards J222 December 1970, or J585e September 1977, a parking 

lamp or tail lamp, respectively, shall meet the minimum percentage 

specified in Figure 1a of the corresponding minimum allowable value 

specified in Figure 1b. The maximum candlepower output of a parking lamp 

shall not exceed that prescribed in Figure 1b, or of a taillamp, that 

prescribed in Figure 1b at H or above. If the sum of the percentages of 

the minimum candlepower measured at the test points is not less than 

that specified for each group listed in Figure 1c, a parking lamp or 

taillamp is not required to meet the minimum photometric value at each 

test point specified in SAE Standards J222 or J585e respectively.

    S5.1.1.7  A motorcycle turn signal lamp need meet only one-half of 

the minimum photometric values specified in Table 1 and Table 3 of SAE 

J588 NOV84 Turn Signal Lamps.

    S5.1.1.8  For each motor vehicle less than 30 feet in overall 

length, the photometric minimum candlepower requirements for side marker 

lamps specified in SAE Standard J592e Clearance, Side Marker, and 

Identification Lamps, July 1972, may be met for all inboard test points 

at a distance of 15 feet from the vehicle and on a vertical plane that 

is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and located 

midway between the front and rear side marker lamps.

    S5.1.1.9  A boat trailer whose overall width is 80 inches or more 

need not be equipped with both front and rear clearance lamps provided 

an amber (to front) and red (to rear) clearance lamp is located at or 

near the midpoint on each side so as to indicate its extreme width.

    S5.1.1.10  Multiple license plate lamps and backup lamps may be used 

to fufill the requirements of the SAE Standards applicable to such lamps 

referenced in Tables I and III.

    S5.1.1.11  A stop lamp that is not optically combined, as defined by 

SAE Information Report J387 Terminology--Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, 

with a turn signal lamp, shall remain activated when the turn signal 

lamp is flashing.

    S5.1.1.12  On a motor vehicle, except a passenger car, whose overall 

width is 80 inches or more, measurements of the

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functional lighted lens area, and of the photometrics, of a multiple 

compartment stop lamp, and a multiple compartment turn signal lamp, 

shall be made for the entire lamp and not for the individual 

compartments.

    S5.1.1.13  Each passenger car, and each multipurpose passenger 

vehicle, truck, and bus of less than 80 inches overall width, shall be 

equipped with a turn signal operating unit designed to complete a 

durability test of 100,000 cycles.

    S5.1.1.14  A trailer that is less than 30 inches in overall width 

may be equipped with only one taillamp, stop lamp, and rear reflex 

reflector, which shall be located at or near its vertical centerline.

    S5.1.1.15  A trailer that is less than 6 feet in overall length, 

including the trailer tongue, need not be equipped with front side 

marker lamps and front side reflex reflectors.

    S5.1.1.16  A lamp designed to use a type of bulb that has not been 

assigned a mean spherical candlepower rating by its manufacturer and is 

not listed in SAE Standard J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed Units, December 

1968, shall meet the applicable requirements of this standard when used 

with any bulb of the type specified by the lamp manufacturer, operated 

at the bulb's design voltage. A lamp that contains a sealed-in bulb 

shall meet these requirements with the bulb operated at the bulb's 

design voltage.

    S5.1.1.17  Except for a lamp having a sealed-in bulb, a lamp shall 

meet the applicable requirements of this standard when tested with a 

bulb whose filament is positioned within <plus-minus>.010 inch of the 

nominal design position specified in SAE Standard J573d, Lamp Bulbs and 

Sealed Units, December 1968, or specified by the bulb manufacturer.

    S5.1.1.18  A backup lamp is not required to meet the minimum 

photometric values at each test point specified in Table I of SAE 

Standard J593c, Backup Lamps, February 1968, if the sum of the 

candlepower measured at the test points within each group listed in 

Figure 2 is not less than the group totals specified in that figure.

    S5.1.1.19  Each variable load turn signal flasher shall comply with 

voltage drop and durability requirements of SAE Standard J590b, Turn 

Signal Flashers, October 1965 with the maximum design load connected, 

and shall comply with starting time, flash rate, and percent current 

``on'' time requirements of J590b both with the minimum and with the 

maximum design load connected.

    S5.1.1.20  The lowest voltage drop for turn signal flashers and 

hazard warning signal flashers measured between the input and load 

terminals shall not exceed 0.8 volt.

    S5.1.1.21  A motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is 

30 mph or less need not be equipped with turn signal lamps.

    S5.1.1.22  A motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is 

30 mph or less may be equipped with a stop lamp whose effective 

projected luminous lens area is not less than 3\1/2\ square inches and 

whose photometric output for the groups of test points specified in 

Figure 1 is at least one-half of the minimum values set forth in that 

figure.

    S5.1.1.23-24   [Reserved]

    S5.1.1.25  Each turn signal lamp on a motorcycle manufactured on and 

after January 1, 1973, shall have an effective projected luminous area 

of not less than 3\1/2\ square inches.

    S5.1.1.26  On a motor vehicle whose overall width is less than 80 

inches:

    (a) The functional lighted lens area of a single compartment stop 

lamp, and a single compartment rear turn signal lamp, shall be not less 

than 50 square centimeters.

    (b) If a multiple compartment lamp or multiple lamps are used to 

meet the photometric requirements for stop lamps and rear turn signal 

lamps, the functional lighted lens area of each compartment or lamp 

shall be at least 22 square centimeters, provided the combined area is 

at least 50 square centimeters.

    S5.1.1.27 (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 

each passenger car manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, and each 

multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus, whose overall width is 

less than 80 inches, whose GVWR is 10,000 pounds or less, manufactured 

on or after September 1, 1993, shall be equipped with a high-mounted 

stop lamp which:

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    (1) Shall have an effective projected luminous area not less than 

4\1/2\ square inches.

    (2) Shall have a signal visible to the rear through a horizontal 

angle from 45 degrees to the left to 45 degrees to the right of the 

longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

    (3) Shall have the minimum photometric values in the amount and 

location listed in Figure 10.

    (4) Need not meet the requirements of paragraphs 3.1.6 Moisture 

Test, 3.1.7 Dust Test, and 3.1.8 Corrosion Test of SAE Recommended 

Practice J186a, Supplemental High-Mounted Stop and Rear Turn Signal 

Lamps, September 1977, if it is mounted inside the vehicle.

    (5) Shall provide access for convenient replacement of the bulb 

without the use of special tools.

    (b) Each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus whose overall 

width is less than 80 inches, whose GVWR is 10,000 pounds or less, whose 

vertical centerline, when the vehicle is viewed from the rear, is not 

located on a fixed body panel but separates one or two movable body 

sections, such as doors, which lacks sufficient space to install a 

single high-mounted stop lamp on the centerline above such body 

sections, and which is manufactured on or after September 1, 1993, shall 

have two high-mounted stop lamps which:

    (1) Are identical in size and shape and have an effective projected 

luminous area not less than 2\1/4\ inches each.

    (2) Together have a signal to the rear visible as specified in 

paragraph (a)(2) of this S5.1.1.27.

    (3) Together have the minimum photometric values specified in 

paragraph (a)(3) of this S5.1.1.27.

    (4) Shall provide access for convenient replacement of the bulbs 

without special tools.

    S5.1.1.28 A multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus, whose 

overall width is less than 80 inches, and whose GVWR is 10,000 pounds or 

less, that is manufactured between September 1, 1992 and September 1, 

1993, may be equipped with a high-mounted stop lamp or, in the case of 

vehicles subject to S5.1.1.27(b), two high-mounted stop lamps, that 

conform to S5.1.1.27 and S5.3.1.8.

    S5.1.1.29  A trailer equipped with a conspicuity treatment in 

conformance with paragraph S5.7 of this standard need not be equipped 

with the reflex reflectors required by Table I of this standard if the 

conspicuity material is placed at the locations of the reflex reflectors 

required by Table I.

    S5.1.2  Plastic materials used for optical parts such as lenses and 

reflectors shall conform to SAE Recommended Practice J576 JUL91, except 

that:

    (a) Plastic lenses (other than those incorporating reflex 

reflectors) used for inner lenses or those covered by another material 

and not exposed directly to sunlight shall meet the requirements of 

paragraphs 3.3 and 4.2 of SAE J576 JUL91 when covered by the outer lens 

or other material;

    (b) After the outdoor exposure test, the haze and loss of surface 

luster of plastic materials (other than those incorporating reflex 

reflectors) used for outer lenses shall not be greater than 30 percent 

haze as measured by ASTM D 1003-92, Haze and Luminous Transmittance of 

Transparent Plastic;

    (c) After the outdoor exposure test, plastic materials used for 

reflex reflectors and for lenses used in front of reflex reflectors 

shall not show surface deterioration, crazing, dimensional changes, 

color bleeding, delamination, loss of surface luster, or haze that 

exceeds 7 percent as measured under ASTM D 1003-92.

    (d) The thickness of the test specimens specified in paragraph 3.2.2 

of SAE J576 JUL91 may vary by as much as <plus-minus>0.25 mm.

    (e) After exposure to the heat test as specified in subparagraph (f) 

of this paragraph, and after cooling to room ambient temperature, a test 

specimen shall show no change in shape and general appearance 

discernable to the naked eye when compared with an unexposed specimen. 

The trichromatic coefficients of the samples shall conform to the 

requirements of SAE J578c, Color Specification for Electric Signal 

Lighting Devices, February 1977.

    (f) Two samples of each thickness of each plastic material are used 

in the heat test. Each sample is supported at the bottom, with at least 

51 mm. of the sample above the support, in the vertical position in such 

a manner

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that, on each side, the minimum uninterrupted area of exposed surface is 

not less than 3225 sq. mm. The samples are placed for two hours in a 

circulating air oven at 79 <plus-minus> 3 degrees C.

    (g) All outdoor exposure tests shall be 3 years in duration, whether 

the material is exposed or protected. Accelerated weathering procedures 

are not permitted.

    S5.1.3  No additional lamp, reflective device or other motor vehicle 

equipment shall be installed that impairs the effectiveness of lighting 

equipment required by this standard.

    S5.1.4  Each school bus shall be equipped with a system of either:

    (a) Four red signal lamps designed to conform to SAE Standard J887, 

School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and installed in accordance with 

that standard; or

    (b) Four red signal lamps designed to conform to SAE Standard J887, 

School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and four amber signal lamps 

designed to conform to that standard, except for their color, and except 

that their candlepower shall be at least 2\1/2\ times that specified for 

red signal lamps. Both red and amber lamps shall be installed in 

accordance with SAE Standard J887, except that:

    (i) Each amber signal lamp shall be located near each red signal 

lamp, at the same level, but closer to the vertical centerline of the 

bus; and

    (ii) The system shall be wired so that the amber signal lamps are 

activated only by manual or foot operation, and if activated, are 

automatically deactivated and the red signal lamps automatically 

activated when the bus entrance door is opened.

    S5.1.5  The color in all lamps, reflective devices, and associated 

equipment to which this standard applies shall comply with SAE Standard 

J578c, Color Specification for Electric Signal Lighting Devices, 

February 1977.

    S5.2  Other requirements.

    S5.2.1  The words ``it is recommended that,'' ``recommendations,'' 

or ``should be'' appearing in any SAE Standard or Recommended Practice 

referenced or subreferenced in this standard shall be read as setting 

forth mandatory requirements, except that the aiming pads on the lens 

face and the black area surrounding the signal lamp recommended in SAE 

Standard J887, School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, are not required.

    S5.2.2  The words ``Type 1 (5\3/4\"),'' ``Type 2 (5\3/4\"),'' ``Type 

2 (7"),'' ``Type 1A,'' ``Type 2A,'' and ``Type 2B'' appearing in any SAE 

Standard or Recommended Practice referenced or subreferenced in this 

standard shall also be read as setting forth requirements respectively 

for the following types of headlamps: 1C1, 2C1, 2D1, 1A1, 2A1, and 2B1.

    S5.3  Location of required equipment.

    S5.3.1  Except as provided in succeeding paragraphs of S5.3.1, and 

paragraphs S5.7 and S7, each lamp, reflective device, and item of 

associated equipment shall be securely mounted on a rigid part of the 

vehicle other than glazing that is not designed to be removed except for 

repair, in accordance with the requirements of Table I and Table III, as 

applicable, and in the location specified in Table II (multipurpose 

passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses 80 or more inches in 

overall width) or Table IV (all passenger cars, and motorcycles, and 

multipurpose passenger vehicles, truck, trailers and buses less than 80 

inches in overall width), as applicable.

    S5.3.1.1  Except as provided in S5.3.1.1.1, each lamp and reflective 

device shall be located so that it meets the visibility requirements 

specified in any applicable SAE Standard or Recommended Practice. In 

addition, no part of the vehicle shall prevent a parking lamp, taillamp, 

stop lamp, turn signal lamp, or backup lamp from meeting its photometric 

output at any applicable group of test points specified in Figures 1c 

and 2, or prevent any other lamp from meeting the photometric output at 

any test point specified in any applicable SAE Standard or Recommended 

Practice. However, if motor vehicle equipment (e.g., mirrors, snow 

plows, wrecker booms, backhoes, and winches) prevents compliance with 

this paragraph by any required lamp or reflective devices, an auxiliary 

lamp or device meeting the requirements of this paragraph shall be 

provided.

    S5.3.1.1.1  Clearance lamps may be located at a location other than 

on the front and rear if necessary to indicate

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the overall width of a vehicle, or for protection from damage during 

normal operation of the vehicle, and at such a location they need not 

meet the photometric output at any test point that is 45 degrees 

inboard.

    S5.3.1.2  On a truck tractor, the red rear reflex reflectors may be 

mounted on the back of the cab, at a minimum height not less than 4 

inches above the height of the rear tires.

    S5.3.1.3  On a trailer, the amber front side reflex reflectors and 

amber front side marker lamps may be located as far forward as 

practicable exclusive of the trailer tongue.

    S5.3.1.4  When the rear identification lamps are mounted at the 

extreme height of a vehicle, rear clearance lamps need not meet the 

requirement of Table II that they be located as close as practicable to 

the top of the vehicle.

    S5.3.1.5  The center of the lens referred to in SAE Standard J593c, 

Backup Lamps, February 1968, is the optical center.

    S5.3.1.6  On a truck tractor, clearance lamps mounted on the cab may 

be located to indicate the width of the cab, rather than the overall 

width of the vehicle.

    S5.3.1.7  On a motor vehicle on which the front turn signal lamp is 

less than 100 mm from the lighted edge of a lower beam headlamp, as 

measured from the optical center of the turn signal lamp, the multiplier 

applied to obtain the required minimum luminous intensities shall be 

2.5.

    S5.3.1.8 (a) Each high-mounted stop lamp installed in or on a 

vehicle subject to S5.1.1.27(a) shall be located as follows:

    (1) With its center at any place on the vertical centerline of the 

vehicle, including the glazing, as the vehicle is viewed from the rear.

    (2) If the lamp is mounted below the rear window, no portion of the 

lens shall be lower than 6 inches below the rear window on convertibles, 

or 3 inches on other passenger cars.

    (3) If the lamp is mounted inside the vehicle, means shall be 

provided to minimize reflections from the light of the lamp upon the 

rear window glazing that might be visible to the driver when viewed 

directly, or indirectly in the rearview mirror.

    (b) The high-mounted stop lamps installed in or on a vehicle subject 

to S5.1.1.27(b) shall be located at the same height, with one vertical 

edge of each lamp on the vertical edge of the body section nearest the 

vertical centerline.

    S5.4  Equipment combinations. Two or more lamps, reflective devices, 

or items of associated equipment may be combined if the requirements for 

each lamp, reflective device, and item of associated equipment are met, 

with the following exceptions:

    (a) No high-mounted stop lamp shall be combined with any other lamp 

or reflective device, other than with a cargo lamp.

    (b) No high-mounted stop lamp shall be combined optically, as 

defined by SAE Information Report J387 Terminology--Motor Vehicle 

Lighting NOV87, with any cargo lamp.

    (c) No clearance lamp shall be combined optically, as defined by SAE 

Information Report J387 Terminology--Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, with 

any taillamp.

    S5.5  Special wiring requirements.

    S.5.5.1  Each vehicle shall have a means of switching between lower 

and upper beams that conforms to SAE Recommended Practice J564a Headlamp 

Beam Switching, April 1964 or to SAE Recommended Practice J565b, Semi-

Automatic Headlamp Beam Switching Devices, February 1969. Except as 

provided in S5.5.8, the lower and upper beams shall not be energized 

simultaneously except momentarily for temporary signalling purposes or 

during switching between beams.

    S5.5.2  Each vehicle shall have a means for indicating to the driver 

when the upper beams of the headlamps are on that conforms to SAE 

Recommended Practice J564a, April 1964, except that the signal color 

need not be red.

    S5.5.3 The taillamps on each vehicle shall be activated when the 

headlamps are activated in a steady-burning state, but need not be 

activated if the headlamps are activated at less than full intensity as 

permitted by paragraph S5.5.11(a).

    S5.5.4  The stop lamps on each vehicle shall be activated upon 

application of the service brakes. The high-mounted stop lamp on each 

vehicle shall be

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activated only upon application of the service brakes.

    S5.5.5  The vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit on each 

vehicle shall operate independently of the ignition or equivalent 

switch, and when activated, shall cause to flash simultaneously 

sufficient turn signal lamps to meet, as a minimum, the turn signal lamp 

photometric requirements of this standard.

    S5.5.6  Each vehicle equipped with a turn signal operating unit 

shall also have an illuminated pilot indicator. Failure of one or more 

turn signal lamps to operate shall be indicated in accordance with SAE 

Standard J588e, Turn Signal Lamps, September 1970, except when a 

variable-load turn signal flasher is used on a truck, bus, or 

multipurpose passenger vehicle 80 or more inches in overall width, on a 

truck that is capable of accommodating a slide-in camper, or on any 

vehicle equipped to tow trailers.

    S5.5.7  On each passenger car and motorcycle, and on each 

multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus of less than 80 inches 

overall width:

    (a) When the parking lamps are activated, the taillamps, license 

plate lamps, and side marker lamps shall also be activated; and

    (b) When the headlamps are activated in a steady-burning state, the 

tail lamps, parking lamps, license plate lamps and side marker lamps 

shall also be activated.

    S5.5.8  On a motor vehicle equipped with a headlighting system 

designed to conform to the photometric requirements of Figure 15-1 or 

Figure 15-2, the lamps marked ``L'' or ``LF'' may be wired to remain 

permanently activated when the lamps marked ``U'' or ``UF'' are 

activated. On a motor vehicle equipped with an Integral Beam 

headlighting system meeting the photometric requirements of paragraph 

S7.4(a)(1)(ii), the lower beam headlamps shall be wired to remain 

permanently activated when the upper beam headlamps are activated. On a 

motor vehicle equipped with a headlighting system designed to conform to 

the requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2, a lower beam light 

source may be wired to remain activated when an upper beam light source 

is activated if the lower beam light source contributes to compliance of 

the headlighting system with the upper beam requirements of Figure 17-1 

or Figure 17-2.

    S5.5.9 Except as provided in section S5.5.8, the wiring harness or 

connector assembly of each headlamp system shall be designed so that 

only those light sources intended for meeting lower beam photometrics 

are energized when the beam selector switch is in the lower beam 

position, and that only those light sources intended for meeting upper 

beam photometrics are energized when the beam selector switch is in the 

upper beam position.

    S5.5.10  The wiring requirements for lighting equipment in use are:

    (a) Turn signal lamps, hazard warning signal lamps, and school bus 

warning lamps shall be wired to flash;

    (b) Headlamps and side marker lamps may be wired to flash for 

signaling purposes;

    (c) A motorcycle headlamp may be wired to allow either its upper 

beam or its lower beam, but not both, to modulate from a higher 

intensity to a lower intensity in accordance with section S5.6;

    (d) All other lamps shall be wired to be steady-burning.

    S5.5.11(a) Any pair of lamps on the front of a passenger car, 

multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus, whether or not required 

by this standard, other than parking lamps or fog lamps, may be wired to 

be automatically activated, as determined by the manufacturer of the 

vehicle, in a steady burning state as daytime running lamps (DRLs) and 

to be automatically deactivated when the headlamp control is in any 

``on'' position, and as otherwise determined by the manufacturer of the 

vehicle, provided that each such lamp:

    (1) Has a luminous intensity not less than 500 candela at test point 

H-V, nor more than 3,000 candela at any location in the beam, when 

tested in accordance with Section S11 of this standard, unless it is:

    (i) A lower beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL at full 

voltage, or at a voltage lower than used to operate it as a lower beam 

headlamp; or

[[Page 234]]

    (ii) An upper beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL, whose 

luminous intensity at test point H-V is not more than 7,000 candela, and 

which is mounted not higher than 864 mm above the road surface as 

measured from the center of the lamp with the vehicle at curb weight;

    (2) Is permanently marked ``DRL'' on its lens in letters not less 

than 3 mm high, unless it is optically combined with a headlamp;

    (3) Is designed to provide the same color as the other lamp in the 

pair, and that is one of the following colors as defined in SAE Standard 

J578 MAY88: White, white to yellow, white to selective yellow, selective 

yellow, or yellow;

    (4) If not optically combined with a turn signal lamp, is located so 

that the distance from its lighted edge to the optical center of the 

nearest turn signal lamp is not less than 100 mm, unless:

    (i) The luminous intensity of the DRL is not more than 2,600 candela 

at any location in the beam and the turn signal meets the requirements 

of S5.3.1.7; or

    (ii) (For a passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or 

bus that is manufactured before October 1, 1995, and which uses an upper 

beam headlamp as a DRL as specified in paragraph S5.5.11(a)(1)(ii)) the 

luminous intensity of the DRL is greater than 2,600 candela at any 

location in the beam and the turn signal lamp meets the requirements of 

S5.3.1.7; or

    (iii) The DRL is optically combined with a lower beam headlamp and 

the turn signal lamp meets the requirements of S5.3.1.7; or

    (iv) The DRL is deactivated when the turn signal or hazard warning 

signal lamp is activated.

    (5) If optically combined with a turn signal lamp, is automatically 

deactivated as a DRL when the turn signal lamp or hazard warning lamp is 

activated, and automatically reactivated as a DRL when the turn signal 

lamp or hazard warning lamp is deactivated.

    (b) Any pair of lamps that are not required by this standard and are 

not optically combined with any lamps that are required by this 

standard, and which are used as DRLs to fulfill the specifications of 

S5.5.11(a), shall be mounted at the same height, which shall be not more 

than 1.067 m above the road surface measured from the center of the lamp 

on the vehicle at curb weight, and shall be symmetrically disposed about 

the vertical centerline of the vehicle.

    S5.6  [Reserved]

    S5.7  Conspicuity Systems. Each trailer of 80 or more inches overall 

width, and with a GVWR over 10,000 lbs., manufactured on or after 

December 1, 1993, except a trailer designed exclusively for living or 

office use, and each truck tractor manufactured on or after July 1, 

1997, shall be equipped with either retroreflective sheeting that meets 

the requirements of S5.7.1, reflex reflectors that meet the requirements 

of S5.7.2, or a combination of retroreflective sheeting and reflex 

reflectors that meet the requirement of S5.7.3.

    S5.7.1  Retroreflective sheeting. Each trailer or truck tractor to 

which S5.7 applies that does not conform to S5.7.2 or S5.7.3 shall be 

equipped with retroreflective sheeting that conforms to the requirements 

specified in S5.7.1.1 through S5.7.1.5.

    S5.7.1.1  Construction. Retroreflective sheeting shall consist of a 

smooth, flat, transparent exterior film with retroreflective elements 

embedded or suspended beneath the film so as to form a non-exposed 

retroreflective optical system.

    S5.7.1.2  Performance requirements. Retroreflective sheeting shall 

meet the requirements of ASTM D 4956-90, Standard Specification for 

Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control, for Type V Sheeting, 

except for the photometric requirements, and shall meet the minimum 

photometric performance requirements specified in Figure 29.

    S5.7.1.3  Sheeting pattern, dimensions, and relative coefficients of 

retroreflection.

    (a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied in a pattern of 

alternating white and red color segments to the sides and rear of each 

trailer, and to the rear of each truck tractor, and in white to the 

upper rear corners of each trailer and truck tractor, in the locations 

specified in S5.7.1.4, and Figures 30-1 through 30-4, or Figure 31, as 

appropriate.

    (b) Except for a segment that is trimmed to clear obstructions, or

[[Page 235]]

lengthened to provide red sheeting near red lamps, each white or red 

segment shall have a length of 300 mm <SUP>plus-minus</SUP> 150 mm.

    (c) Neither white nor red sheeting shall represent more than two 

thirds of the aggregate of any continuous strip marking the width of a 

trailer, or any continuous or broken strip marking its length.

    (d) Retroreflective sheeting shall have a width of not less than 50 

mm (Grade DOT-C2), 75 mm (Grade DOT-C3), or 100 mm (Grade DOT-C4).

    (e) The coefficients for retroreflection of each segment of red or 

white sheeting shall be not less than the minimum values specified in 

Figure 29 of this standard for grades DOT-C2, DOT-C3, and DOT-C4.

    S5.7.1.4 Location. (a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied to 

each trailer and truck tractor as specified below, but need not be 

applied to discontinuous surfaces such as outside ribs, stake post 

pickets on platform trailers, and external protruding beams, or to items 

of equipment such as door hinges and lamp bodies on trailers and body 

joints, stiffening beads, drip rails and rolled surfaces on truck 

tractors.

    (b) The edge of white sheeting shall not be located closer than 75 

mm to the edge of the luminous lens area of any red or amber lamp that 

is required by this standard.

    (c) The edge of red sheeting shall not be located closer than 75 mm 

to the edge of the luminous lens area of any amber lamp that is required 

by this standard.

    S5.7.1.4.1  Rear of trailers. Retroreflective sheeting shall be 

applied to the rear of each trailer as follows, except that Element 2 is 

not required for container chassis or for platform trailers without 

bulkheads, and Element 3 is not required for trailers without underride 

protection devices:

    (a) Element 1: A strip of sheeting, as horizontal as practicable, in 

alternating colors across the full width of the trailer, as close to the 

extreme edges as practicable, and as close as practicable to not less 

than 375 mm and not more than 1525 mm above the road surface at the 

stripe centerline with the trailer at curb weight.

    (b) Element 2: Two pairs of white strips of sheeting, each pair 

consisting of strips 300 mm long of grade DOT-C2, DOT-C3, or DOT-C4, 

applied horizontally and vertically to the right and left upper contours 

of the body, as viewed from the rear, as close to the top of the trailer 

and as far apart as practicable. If the perimeter of the body, as viewed 

from the rear, is other than rectangular, the strips may be applied 

along the perimeter, as close as practicable to the uppermost and 

outermost areas of the rear of the body on the left and right sides.

    (c) Element 3: A strip of sheeting in alternating colors across the 

full width of the horizontal member of the rear underride protection 

device. Grade DOT-C2 material not less than 38 mm wide may be used.

    S5.7.1.4.2  Side of trailers. Retroreflective sheeting shall be 

applied to each side of a trailer as follows:

    (a) A strip of sheeting, as horizontal as practicable, in 

alternating colors, originating and terminating as close to the front 

and rear as practicable, as close as practicable to not less than 375 mm 

and not more than 1525 mm above the road surface at the stripe 

centerline with the trailer at curb weight, except that at the location 

chosen the strip shall not be obscured in whole or in part by other 

motor vehicle equipment or trailer cargo. The strip need not be 

continuous as long as not less than half of the length of the trailer is 

covered and the spaces are distributed as evenly as practicable.

    (b) If necessary to clear rivet heads or other similar obstructions, 

grade DOT-C2 retroreflective sheeting may be separated into two 25 mm 

wide strips of the same length and color, separated by a space of not 

more than 25 mm, and used in place of the retroreflective sheeting that 

would otherwise be applied.

    S5.7.1.4.3 Rear of truck tractors. Retroreflective sheeting shall be 

applied to the rear of each truck tractor as follows:

    (a) Element 1: Two strips of sheeting in alternating colors, each 

not less than 600 mm long, located as close as practicable to the edges 

of the rear fenders, mudflaps, or the mudflap support brackets, to mark 

the width of the truck tractor. The strips shall be

[[Page 236]]

mounted as horizontal as practicable, in a vertical plane facing the 

rear, on the rear fenders, on the mudflap support brackets, on plates 

attached to the mudflap support brackets, or on the mudflaps. Strips on 

mudflaps shall be mounted not lower than 300 mm below the upper 

horizontal edge of the mudflap. If the vehicle is certified with 

temporary mudflap support brackets, the strips shall be mounted on the 

mudflaps or on plates transferable to permanent mudflap support 

brackets. For a truck tractor without mudflaps, the strips may be 

mounted outboard of the frame on brackets behind the rear axle or on 

brackets ahead of the rear axle and above the top of the tires at 

unladen vehicle height, or they may be mounted directly or indirectly to 

the back of the cab as close to the outer edges as practicable, above 

the top of the tires, and not more than 1525 mm above the road surface 

at unladen vehicle height. If the strips are mounted on the back of the 

cab, no more than 25 percent of their cumulative area may be obscured by 

vehicle equipment as determined in a rear orthogonal view.

    (b) Element 2: Two pairs of white strips of sheeting, each pair 

consisting of strips 300 mm long, applied as horizontally and vertically 

as practicable, to the right and left upper contours of the cab, as 

close to the top of the cab and as far apart as practicable. No more 

than 25 percent of their cumulative area may be obscured by vehicle 

equipment as determined in a rear orthogonal view. If one pair must be 

relocated to avoid obscuration by vehicle equipment, the other pair may 

be relocated in order to be mounted symmetrically. If the rear window is 

so large as to occupy all the practicable space, the material may be 

attached to the edge of the window itself.

    S5.7.1.5  Certification. The letters DOT-C2, DOT-C3, or DOT-C4, as 

appropriate, constituting a certification that the retroreflective 

sheeting conforms to the requirements of S5.7.1.2, shall appear at least 

once on the exposed surface of each white or red segment of 

retroreflective sheeting, and at least once every 300 mm on 

retroreflective sheeting that is white only. The characters shall be not 

less than 3 mm high, and shall be permanently stamped, etched, molded, 

or printed in indelible ink.

    S5.7.2  Reflex Reflectors. Each trailer or truck tractor to which 

S5.7 applies that does not conform to S5.7.1 or S5.7.3 shall be equipped 

with reflex reflectors in accordance with this section.

    S5.7.2.1  (a) Each reflex reflector shall conform to SAE Standard 

J594f, Reflex Reflectors, January 1977.

    (b) Each red reflex reflector shall also provide, at an observation 

angle of 0.2 degree, not less than 300 millicandelas/lux at any light 

entrance angle between 30 degrees left and 30 degrees right, including 

an entrance angle of 0 degree, and not less than 75 millicandelas/lux at 

any light entrance angle between 45 degrees left and 45 degrees right.

    (c) Each white reflex reflector shall also provide at an observation 

angle of 0.2 degree, not less than 1250 millicandelas/lux at any light 

entrance angle between 30 degrees left and 30 degrees right, including 

an entrance angle of 0 degree, and not less than 300 millicandelas/lux 

at any light entrance angle between 45 degrees left and 45 degrees 

right.

    (d) A white reflex reflector complying with S5.7.2.1(a) and (c) when 

tested in a horizontal orientation may be installed in all orientations 

specified for rear upper locations in S5.7.1.4.1(b) or S5.7.1.4.3(b) if, 

when tested in a vertical orientation, it provides an observation angle 

of 0.2 degree not less than 1680 millicandelas/lux at a light entrance 

angle of 0 degree, not less than 1120 millicandelas/lux at any light 

entrance angle from 10 degrees down to 10 degrees up, and not less than 

560 millicandelas/lux at any light entrance angle from 20 degrees right 

to 20 degrees left.

    S5.7.2.2  Reflex reflectors shall be installed and located as 

specified below:

    (a) In the same locations and in the same length in which 

retroreflective sheeting is required by S5.7.1.4 to be applied in 

alternating colors, reflex reflectors shall be installed in a repetitive 

pattern of two or three white reflex reflectors alternating with two or 

three red reflex reflectors, with the center of each reflector not more 

than

[[Page 237]]

100 mm from the center of each adjacent reflector.

    (b) In the same locations and in the same length in which white 

retroreflective sheeting is required by S5.7.1.4 to be installed, white 

reflex reflectors shall be installed, with the center of each white 

reflex reflector not more than 100 mm from the center of each adjacent 

reflector.

    S5.7.2.3  Certification. The exposed surface of each reflex 

reflector shall be marked with the letters DOT-C which constitutes a 

certification that the reflector conforms to all applicable requirements 

of Sec. 571.108 of this part. The certification shall be not less than 3 

mm high, and permanently stamped, etched, molded or printed in indelible 

ink.

    S5.7.3  Combination of sheeting and reflectors. Each trailer or 

truck tractor to which S5.7 applies that does not conform to S5.7.1 or 

S5.7.2, shall be equipped with retroreflective materials that meet the 

requirements of S5.7.1 except that reflex reflectors that meet the 

requirements of S5.7.2.1, and that are installed in accordance with 

S5.7.2.2, may be used instead of any corresponding element of 

retroreflective sheeting located as required by S5.7.1.4.

    S5.8  Replacement Equipment.

    S5.8.1  Except as provided below, each lamp, reflective device, or 

item of associated equipment manufactured to replace any lamp, 

reflective device, or item of associated equipment on any vehicle to 

which this standard applies, shall be designed to conform to this 

standard.

    S5.8.2  A Type C replacement headlamp designed to conform to the 

requirements of paragraph S7.3.2(a) through (d) of this standard may be 

marked ``1'' and ``2'' rather than ``1C1'' and ``2C1'' respectively. A 

Type D replacement headlamp designed to conform to S7.3.2(a) through (c) 

and S7.3.5(b) of this standard may be marked ``TOP'' or ``2'' rather 

than ``2D1''.

    S5.8.3  (a) Each stop lamp manufactured to replace a stop lamp that 

was designed to conform to SAE Standard J586b, Stop Lamps, June 1966, 

may also be designed to conform to J586b. It shall meet the photometric 

minimum candlepower requirements for Class A red turn signal lamps 

specified in SAE Standard J575d, Test for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices 

and Components, August 1967. Each such lamp manufactured for use on a 

passenger car and on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, trailer or 

bus less than 80 inches in overall width shall have an effective 

projected luminous area not less than 3\1/2\ square inches. If multiple 

compartment lamps or multiple lamps are used, the effective projected 

luminous area of each compartment or lamp shall be not less than 3\1/2\ 

square inches; however, the photometric requirements may be met by a 

combination of compartments or lamps.

    (b) Each stop lamp manufactured to replace a stop lamp that was 

designed to conform to SAE Standard J586c, Stop Lamps, August 1970, may 

also be designed to conform to J586c.

    S5.8.4  (a) Each turn signal lamp manufactured to replace a turn 

signal lamp that was designed to conform to SAE Standard J588d, Turn 

Signal Lamps, June 1966, may also be designed to conform to J588d, and 

shall meet the photometric minimum candlepower requirements for Class A 

turn signal lamps specified in SAE Standard J575d, Tests for Motor 

Vehicle Lighting Devices and Components, August 1967. Each such lamp 

manufactured for use on a passenger car and on a multipurpose passenger 

vehicle, truck, trailer or bus less than 80 inches in overall width 

shall have an effective projected luminous area not less than 3\1/2\ 

square inches. If multiple compartment lamps or multiple lamps are used, 

the effective projected luminous area of each compartment or lamp shall 

be not less than 3\1/2\ square inches; however, the photometric 

requirements may be met by a combination of compartments or lamps. Each 

such lamp manufactured for use on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, 

truck, trailer or bus 80 inches or more in overall width shall have an 

effective projected luminous area not less than 12 square inches.

    (b) Each turn signal lamp manufactured to replace a turn signal lamp 

that was designed to conform to SAE Standard J588e, Turn Signal Lamps, 

September 1970, may also be designed to conform to SAE Standard J588e.

[[Page 238]]

    S5.8.5  Note 6 of Table 1 of SAE Standard J588e does not apply.

    S5.8.6. Instead of the photometric values specified in SAE Standards 

J586c and J588e, a stop lamp manufactured to replace a stop lamp 

designed to conform to SAE Standard J586c, or a turn signal lamp 

manufactured to replace a turn signal lamp designed to conform to SAE 

Standard J588e, shall meet the minimum percentage specified in Figure 1a 

of the corresponding minimum allowable value specified in Figure 1b. The 

maximum candlepower output of each such stop lamp or turn signal lamp 

shall not exceed that prescribed in Figure 1b. If the sum of the 

percentages of the minimum candlepower measured at the test points is 

not less than that specified for each group listed in Figure 1c, a stop 

lamp or turn signal lamp is not required to meet the minimum photometric 

value at each test point specified in SAE Standards J586c and J588e, 

respectively.

    S5.8.7  Note 6 of Table 1 in SAE Standard J588e, Turn Signal Lamps, 

September 1970, does not apply.

    S5.8.8  Each taillamp manufactured to replace a taillamp designed to 

conform to SAE Standard J585d, Tail Lamps, August 1970, may also be 

designed to conform to J585d.

    S5.8.9  Each turn signal lamp manufactured to replace a turn signal 

lamp (on a motorcycle) that was designed to conform to SAE Standard 

J588d, Turn Signal Lamps, June 1966, may also be designed to conform to 

J588d.

    S5.8.10  Unless otherwise specified in this standard, each lamp, 

reflective device, or item of associated equipment to which paragraph 

S5.8.1 applies may be labeled with the symbol DOT, which shall 

constitute a certification that it conforms to applicable Federal motor 

vehicle safety standards.

    S5.8.11  A replacement lens for a replaceable bulb headlamp or an 

integral beam headlamp that is not required to have a bonded lens shall 

be provided with a replacement seal in a package that includes 

instructions for the removal and replacement of the lens, the cleaning 

of the reflector, and the sealing of the replacement lens to the 

reflector assembly.

    S6.  Subreferenced SAE Standards and Recommended Practices

    S6.1  SAE Standards and Recommended Practices subreferenced by the 

SAE Standards and Recommended Practices included in Tables I and III and 

paragraphs S5.1.4 and S5.5.1 are those published in the 1970 edition of 

the SAE Handbook, except that the SAE standard referred to as ``J575'' 

is J575e, Tests for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices and Components, 

August 1970, for stoplamps designed to conform to SAE Standards J586c, 

J586 FEB84, and J1398 MAY85; for taillamps designed to conform to SAE 

Standards J585d and J585e; for turn signal lamps designed to conform to 

SAE Standards J588e, J588 NOV84, and J1395 APR85; and for high-mounted 

stoplamps designed to conform to SAE Recommended Practice J186a. The 

reference in J585e to J256 does not apply. For headlamps other than 

motorcycle headlamps, unless otherwise specified in this standard, the 

version of SAE Standard J575 is DEC88, and the version of SAE Standard 

J602 is OCT80.The definition of ``optically combined'' in SAE 

Information Report J387 Terminology--Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, 

applies to that term as used in J586c and J588e.

    S6.2  Requirements of SAE Standards incorporated by reference in 

this standard, other than J576b and J576c, do not include test for 

warpage of devices with plastic lenses.

    S6.3  The term ``effective projected luminous lens area'' has the 

same meaning as the term ``functional lighted lens area'' in any SAE 

Standard or Recommended Practice incorporated by reference or by 

subreference in this standard.

    S7.  Headlighting requirements.

    S7.1  Each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and 

bus manufactured on or after September 1, 1994, shall be equipped with a 

headlighting system designed to conform to the requirements of S7.3, 

S7.4, S7.5, or S7.6.

    S7.2(a)  The lens of each original and replacement equipment 

headlamp, and of each original equipment and replacement equipment beam 

contributor shall be marked with the symbol ``DOT'' either horizontally 

or vertically which shall constitute the

[[Page 239]]

certification required by 49 U.S.C. 30115.

    (b) The lens of each headlamp and of each beam contributor 

manufactured on or after December 1, 1989, to which paragraph (a) of 

this section applies shall be marked with the name and/or trademark 

registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office of the manufacturer 

of such headlamp or beam contributor, or its importer, or any 

manufacturer of a vehicle equipped with such headlamp or beam 

contributor. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to authorize 

the marking of any such name and/or trademark by one who is not the 

owner, unless the owner has consented to it.

    (c) Each headlamp and beam contributor to which paragraph (a) of 

this section applies shall be marked with its voltage and with its part 

or trade number.

    (d) Unless stated otherwise, a tolerance of +/- \1/4\ degree is 

permitted during photometric performance tests for any headlamp or beam 

contributor, and the test points 10U-90U shall be measured from the 

normally exposed surface of the lens face. The term `aiming plane' means 

`aiming reference plane' or an appropriate vertical plane defined by the 

manufacturer as required in S7.7.1.

    (e) Each replacement headlamp lens with seal, provided in accordance 

with S5.8.11, when installed according to the lens manufacturer's 

instructions on an integral beam or replaceable bulb headlamp, shall not 

cause the headlamp to fail to comply with any of the requirements of 

this standard. Each replacement headlamp lens shall be marked with the 

symbol ``DOT'', either horizontally or vertically, to constitute 

certification. Each replacement headlamp lens shall also be marked with 

the manufacturer and the part or trade number of the headlamp for which 

it is intended, and with the name and/or trademark of the lens 

manufacturer or importer that is registered with the U.S. Patent and 

Trademark Office. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to 

authorize the marking of any such name and/or trademark by one who is 

not the owner, unless the owner has consented to it.

    S7.3  Sealed beam headlighting system. A sealed beam headlighting 

system shall be designed to meet the requirements of one of the 

following subparagraphs of S7.3.2 through S7.3.9. In references to 

Figures in SAE J1383 APR85 for headlamp dimensional requirements, only 

those dimensions marked ``I'' for interchangeability are applicable.

    S7.3.1  The lens of each sealed beam headlamp designed to conform to 

S7.3.2 through S7.3.6 shall be marked according to paragraph 5.4.3 

through 5.4.5 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for 

Motor Vehicle Headlamps.

    S7.3.2  Type A headlighting system. A Type A headlighting system 

consists of two Type 1A1 and two Type 2A1 headlamps and associated 

hardware, which are designed to conform to the following requirements:

    (a) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor 

Vehicle Headlamps, with the following exceptions:

    (1) Paragraphs 1, 2.1.2, 2.8.2, 3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.4, 4.6, 

4.8 through 4.18, 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.1.5, 5.1.7 through 5.1.16, 5.2.2, 

5.3.5, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, and 6 through 6.4 do not apply.

    (2) In paragraph 5.3.2, the words ``and retaining rings'' are 

omitted.

    (3) In paragraphs 4.5.2 and 5.1.6, the words ``Figure 28-1 or 28-2 

of Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108'' are substituted for ``Table 

3.''

    (b) SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly (except 

paragraphs 3, 4.1.1, 5.1.1.1, 5.1.2.3, and the second sentence of 

5.1.6); in 5.2.1, delete the words ``and retaining rings;'' the correct 

reference is SAE J1383 Figures 6, 9, 12 and 14.

    (c) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph 

S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than 

filaments, visible without magnification.

    (d) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): Single 

filament headlamp, 55 watts on the upper beam; dual filament headlamp, 

43 watts on the upper beam and 65 watts on the lower beam.

    S7.3.3  Type B headlighting system. A Type B headlighting system 

consists of two Type 2B1 headlamps and associated

[[Page 240]]

hardware, which are designed to conform to the following requirements:

    (a) The requirements of paragraph S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except 

that the words ``Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2'' are substituted for 

``Table 3'' in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).

    (b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on 

the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.

    S7.3.4  Type C headlighting system. A Type C headlighting system 

consists of two Type 1C1 and two Type 2C1 headlamps and associated 

hardware, which are designed to conform to the requirements of paragraph 

S7.3.2 (a) through (d), except that the words ``Figure 28-1 or Figure 

28-2'' are substituted for ``Table 3'' in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).

    S7.3.5  Type D headlighting system. (a) A Type D headlighting system 

consists of two Type 2D1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are 

designed to conform to the requirements of paragraph S7.3.2 (a) through 

(c), except that the words ``Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-1'' are 

substituted for ``Table 3'' in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).

    (b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 65 watts on 

upper beam, and 55 watts on lower beam.

    S7.3.6  Type E headlighting system. (a) A Type E headlighting system 

consists of two Type 2E1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are 

designed to conform to the requirements of paragraph S7.3.2 (a) through 

(c), except that the words ``Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-1'' are 

substituted for ``Table 3'' in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).

    (b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on 

upper beam, and 60 watts on lower beam.

    S7.3.7  Type F headlighting system. A Type F headlighting system 

consists of two Type UF and two Type LF headlamps and associated 

hardware, which are designed to conform to the following requirements:

    (a) Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 as appropriate.

    (b) The photometric requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 of 

this standard. A reaim tolerance of +/- \1/4\ degree is allowed for any 

test point on the Type LF lamp when tested alone, but is not allowed on 

the Type UF lamp when tested alone. For the test point 10U-90U, 

measurement shall be from the normally exposed surface of the lens face.

    (c) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor 

Vehicle Headlamps, Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 4.1, 4.1.4, and 5.1.4.

    (d) When tested in accordance with section (c), the mounted assembly 

(either Type UF or Type LF headlamps, respective mounting ring, aiming 

ring, and aim adjustment mechanism) shall be designed to conform to the 

requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 for upper or lower beams 

respectively without reaim when any conforming Type UF or LF headlamp is 

tested and replaced by another conforming headlamp of the same Type.

    (e) SAE J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly with the following 

exceptions:

    (1) Section 2.2 Mounting Ring reads: ``the adjustable ring upon 

which the sealed beam unit is mounted and which forces the sealed beam 

unit to seat against the aiming ring when assembled into a sealed beam 

assembly.''

    (2) The definition ``2.3 Aiming Ring'' reads: ``The clamping ring 

that retains the sealed beam unit against the mounting ring, and that 

provides an interface between the unit's aiming/seating pads and the 

headlamp aimer adapter (locating plate).''

    (3) Section 4.1.1 Vibration Test does not apply.

    (4) Sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.2.3 do not apply.

    (5) Section 5.1.2.1 reads: ``When the headlamp assembly is tested in 

the laboratory, a minimum aiming adjustment of +/- 2.5 degrees shall be 

provided in the horizontal plane and +/- 4 degrees in the vertical 

plane.''

    (6) Section 5.1.2.2 concludes: ``* * * through an angle of +/- 2.5 

degrees and +/- 4 degrees respectively.''

    (7) Section 5.1.6 is retitled ``Retaining Ring/Aiming Ring Tests''. 

The phrase ``92 x 150 mm * * * 0.340 in (8.6 mm)'' is added at the end 

of the table for flange thickness. The sentence beginning ``The 

fastening means'' is deleted.

    (8) Figures 2, 3, and 4 do not apply, and the reference to them in 

section 4.5

[[Page 241]]

is replaced by ``Figure 16, Deflectometer, of Federal Motor Vehicle 

Safety Standard No. 108.''

    (f) A lens for a Type F headlamp incorporating an upper beam shall 

be labeled ``UF.'' A lens for a Type F headlamp incorporating a lower 

beam shall be labeled ``LF''. The face of letters, numbers, or other 

symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised more than 

0.020 in (0.5 mm), and shall be placed no closer to the geometric center 

of the lens than 1.375 in. (35 mm). The marking shall be molded in the 

lens and shall be not less than \1/4\ in. (6.35 mm) in size.

    (g) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on 

the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.

    (h) Type F headlamps may be mounted on common or parallel seating 

and aiming planes to permit simultaneous aiming of both headlamps 

provided that when tested with any conforming Type UF and LF headlamps 

according to Section S10:

    (1) The assembly (consisting of the Type UF and LF headlamps, 

mounting rings, the aiming/seating rings, and aim adjustment mechanism) 

shall be designed to conform to the test points of Figure 15-1 or Figure 

15-2.

    (2) There shall be no provision for adjustment between the common or 

parallel aiming and seating planes of the two lamps.

    (i) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph 

S8.8, the Type F system shall show no evidence of loose or broken parts, 

other than filaments, visible without magnification.

    S7.3.8  Type G headlighting system. A Type G headlamp system 

consists of two Type 1G1 headlamps and two Type 2G1 headlamps each of 

which is designed to conform to the following requirements:

    (a) Figures 18 and 21.

    (b) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor 

Vehicle Headlamps (except paragraphs 1, 2.1.2, 2.8.2,3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 

4.1.3, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8 through 4.18, 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.1.5 through 5.1.16, 

5.2.2, 5.3.5 through 6.4). In paragraph 5.3.2 the words ``and retaining 

rings'' are omitted. In paragraph 4.5.2, the words ``either Figure 28-1, 

or Figure 28-2'' are substituted for ``Table 3''.

    (c) SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly, with the 

following exceptions:

    (1) Sections 2.2, 2.3, 4.1.1, 5.1.1.1, 5.1.2.3, 5.1.6, and 5.2.1.

    (2) Section 4.5 reads: ``Torque Deflection Test. The headlamp 

assembly to be tested shall be mounted in the designed vehicle position 

and set at nominal aim (0.0). A special adapter (Figure 22) for the 

deflectometer (Figure 16) shall be clamped onto the headlamp assembly. A 

torque of 20 in.-lbs (2.25 N-m) shall be applied to the headlamp 

assembly through the deflectometer, and a reading on the thumb wheel 

shall be taken. The torque shall be removed and a second reading on the 

thumb wheel shall be taken.''

    (d) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph 

S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than 

filaments, visible without magnification.

    (e) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage) for the 1G1 

and 2G1 upper beam is 55 watts and 43 watts respectively; for the 2G1 

lower beam, 65 watts.

    (f) A lens for a Type G headlamp incorporating only part of an upper 

beam shall be labeled ``1G1.'' A lens for a Type G headlamp 

incorporating both part of an upper beam and a lower beam shall be 

labeled ``2G1.'' The face of letters, numbers, or other symbols molded 

on the surface of the lens shall not be raised more than 0.020 in. (0.5 

mm.), and shall be placed no closer to the geometric center of the lens 

than 1.375 in. (35 mm). The marking shall be molded in the lens and 

shall be not less than \1/4\ in. (6.35 mm) in size.

    S7.3.9  Type H headlighting system. A Type H headlamp system 

consisting of two Type 2H1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are 

designed to conform to the following requirements:

    (a) Paragraphs S7.3.8 (a) through (d) except that in paragraph 

S7.3.8(b), the words ``Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2'' are substituted for 

``Table 3.''

    (b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on 

the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.

[[Page 242]]

    (c) A lens for a Type H headlamp incorporating both an upper beam 

and a lower beam shall be labeled ``2H1.'' The face of letters, numbers, 

or other symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised 

more than 0.020 in. (0.5 mm), and shall be placed no closer to the 

geometric center of the lens than 1.375 in. (35 mm). The marking shall 

be molded in the lens and shall be not less than \1/4\ in. (6.35 mm) in 

size.

    S7.4  Integral Beam Headlighting System. An integral beam 

headlighting system shall be designed to conform to the following 

requirements:

    (a) The system shall provide in total not more than two upper beams 

and two lower beams of the performance described in one of the 

following:

    (1) In a four-headlamp system, each upper beam headlamp and each 

lower beam headlamp shall be designed to conform to the photometrics of 

one of the following:

    (i) Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2; or

    (ii) Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2, except that the upper beam test 

value at 2.5 D-V and 2.5D-12R and 12L, shall apply to the lower beam 

headlamp and not to the upper beam headlamp, and the upper beam test 

point value at 1.5D-9R and 9L shall be 1000; or

    (iii) Figure 28-1 or Figure 28-2.

    (2) In a two-headlamp system, each headlamp shall be designed to 

conform to the photometrics of one of the following:

    (i) Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2; or

    (ii) Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2.

    (3) In a system in which there is more than one beam contributor 

providing a lower beam, and/or more than one beam contributor providing 

an upper beam, each beam contributor in the system shall be designed to 

meet only the photometric performance requirements of Figure 15-1 or 

Figure 15-2 based upon the following mathematical expression: conforming 

test point value = 2 (Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 test point value)/total 

number of lower or upper beam contributors for the vehicle, as 

appropriate. The system shall be designed to use the Vehicle Headlamp 

Aiming Device (VHAD) as specified in paragraph S7.8.5.2.

    (b) The lower and upper beams shall be provided only as follows 

where each headlamp contains two light sources:

    (1) The lower beam shall be provided either by the most outboard 

light source (or the uppermost if arranged vertically), or by all light 

sources.

    (2) The upper beam shall be provided either by the most inboard 

light source (or the lowermost if arranged vertically), or by all light 

sources.

    (c) The lower and upper beams shall be provided only as follows 

where each headlamp contains a single light source:

    (1) The lower beam shall be provided by the most outboard headlamps 

(or the uppermost if arranged vertically), and the lens of each such 

headlamp shall be permanently marked with the letter ``L.''

    (2) The upper beam shall be provided by the most inboard headlamps 

(or lowermost if arranged vertically), and the lens of each such 

headlamp shall be permanently marked with the letter ``U.''

    (d) A headlamp or beam contributor designed to meet paragraphs 

(a)(1) or (a)(3) of this section and S7.8.5.1 may be mounted in an 

assembly to permit simultaneous aiming of the beam(s) contributors, 

provided that with any complying contributor the assembly complete with 

all lamps meets the appropriate photometric requirements when tested in 

accordance with S10.

    (e) Each integral beam headlamp system shall be designed to conform 

to the applicable photometric performance requirements in paragraph (a) 

of this section when tested in accordance with sections 4.1 and 4.1.4 of 

SAE Standard J1383 APR85 with any headlamps intended for use in such 

system. The term ``aiming plane'' means ``aiming reference plane,'' or 

an appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer as required in 

paragraph S7.8.1.

    (f) The system shall be aimable in accordance with the requirements 

of paragraph S7.8. A system that incorporates any headlamp or beam 

contributor that does not have a VHAD as an integral and indivisible 

part of the headlamp or beam contributor shall be designed so that the 

appropriate photometrics are met when any correctly aimed and 

photometrically conforming headlamp or beam contributor

[[Page 243]]

is removed from its mounting and aiming mechanism, and is replaced 

without reaim by any conforming headlamp or beam contributor of the same 

type.

    (g) A headlamp with a glass lens need not meet the abrasion 

resistance test (S8.2). A headlamp with a nonreplaceable glass lens need 

not meet the chemical resistance test (S8.3). A headlamp with a glass 

lens and a non-plastic reflector need not meet the internal heat test of 

paragraph S8.6.2. A headlamp of sealed design as verified in paragraph 

S8.9 (sealing) need not meet the corrosion (S8.4), dust (S8.5), or 

humidity (S8.7) tests; however, the headlamp shall meet the requirements 

of paragraphs 4.1, 4.1.2, 4.4 and 5.1.4 for corrosion and connector of 

SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly. An integral beam 

headlamp may incorporate light sources that are replaceable and are used 

for purposes other than headlighting.

    (h) When tested according to any of the procedures indicated in 

subparagraphs (1) through (7) each headlamp or beam contributor shall 

meet the appropriate requirement:

    (1) After an abrasion test conducted in accordance with paragraph 

S8.2, the headlamp shall meet the photometric requirements applicable to 

the headlamp system under test.

    (2) After the chemical resistance tests of paragraphs S8.3 and 

S8.10.1, the headlamp shall have no surface deterioration, coating 

delamination, fractures, deterioration of bonding or sealing materials, 

color bleeding or color pickup visible without magnification, and the 

headlamp shall meet the photometric requirements applicable to the 

headlamp system under test.

    (3) After a corrosion test conducted in accordance with paragraph 

S8.4, there shall be no evidence of external or internal corrosion or 

rust visible without magnification. After a corrosion test conducted in 

accordance with paragraph S8.10.2, there shall be no evidence of 

corrosion or rust visible without magnification on any part of the 

headlamp reflector that receives light from a headlamp light source, on 

any metal light or heat shield assembly, or on a metal reflector of any 

other lamp not sealed from the headlamp reflector. Loss of adhesion of 

any applied coating shall not occur more than 0.l25 in. (3.2 mm) from 

any sharp edge on the inside or outside. Corrosion may occur on 

terminals only if the current produced during the test of paragraph 

S8.4(c) is not less than 9.7 amperes.

    (4) After a dust test conducted in accordance with paragraph S8.5, 

the headlamp shall meet the photometric requirements applicable to the 

headlamp system under test.

    (5) The headlamp shall first meet the requirements of subparagraph 

(i) and then those of subparagraph (ii).

    (i) After a temperature cycle test conducted in accordance with 

paragraph S8.6.1, the headlamp shall show no evidence of delamination, 

fractures, entry of moisture or deterioration of bonding material, color 

bleeding, warpage or deformation visible without magnification or lens 

warpage greater than .118 in. (3 mm) when measured parallel to the 

optical axis at the point of intersection of the axis of each light 

source with the exterior surface of the lens, and it shall meet the 

photometric requirements applicable to the headlamp system under test.

    (ii) After an internal heat test conducted in accordance with 

paragraph S8.6.2, there shall be no lens warpage greater than .118 in. 

(3 mm) when measured parallel to the optical axis at the point of 

intersection of the axis of each light source with the exterior surface 

of the lens, and it shall meet the photometric requirements applicable 

to the headlamp system under test.

    (6) After a humidity test conducted in accordance with paragraph 

S8.7, the inside of the headlamp shall show no evidence of delamination 

or moisture, fogging or condensation visible without magnification.

    (7) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph 

S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than 

filaments, visible without magnification.

    (i) An integral beam headlamp may incorporate replaceable light 

sources that are used for purposes other than headlighting.

    S7.5  Replaceable bulb headlamp system. Each replaceable bulb 

headlamp system shall be designed to conform to the following 

requirements:

[[Page 244]]

    (a) The system shall provide only two lower beams and two upper 

beams and shall incorporate not more than two replaceable light sources 

in each headlamp.

    (b) The photometrics as specified in subparagraphs (c) through (e) 

of this paragraph (depicted in Figure 26), using any light source of the 

Type intended for use in such system.

    (c) The test requirements of sections 4.1, 4.1.4, and performance 

requirements of section 5.1.4 of SAE J1383 APR85, using the photometric 

requirements specified in subparagraphs (d) and (e) of this paragraph.

    (d) For a headlamp equipped with dual filament replaceable light 

sources, the following requirements apply:

    (1) Headlamps designed to conform to the external aiming 

requirements of S7.8.5.1 shall have no mechanism that allows adjustment 

of an individual light source, or, if there are two light sources, 

independent adjustments of each reflector.

    (2) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting of two 

lamps, each containing either one or two replaceable light sources, 

shall be provided as follows:

    (i) The lower beam shall be provided in one of the following ways:

    (A) By the outboard light source (or upper one if arranged 

vertically) designed to conform to:

    (1) The lower beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, or 

Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2, if the light sources in the headlamp system 

are any combination of dual filament replaceable light sources other 

than Type HB2; or

    (2) The lower beam requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure17-2 if the 

light sources are Type HB2, or any dual filament replaceable light 

sources that include Type HB2; or

    (B) By both light sources in the headlamp, designed to conform to 

the lower beam requirements specified above.

    (ii) The upper beam shall be provided in one of the following ways:

    (A) By the inboard light source (or the lower one if arranged 

vertically) designed to conform to:

    (1) The upper beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, or 

Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2 if the light sources in the headlamp system 

are any combination of dual filament replaceable light sources that 

include Type HB2, or

    (2) The upper beam requirements of figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2 if the 

light sources are type HB2, or any combination of replaceable light 

sources that include Type HB2; or

    (B) By both light sources in the headlamp, designed to conform to 

the upper beam requirements specified above.

    (3) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting of 

four lamps, each containing a single replaceable light source, shall be 

provided as follows:

    (i) The lower beam shall be provided by the outboard lamp (or the 

upper one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to:

    (A) The lower beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, or 

Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the light sources in the headlamp system 

are any combination of dual filament light sources other than Type HB2; 

or

    (B) The lower beam requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the 

light sources are Type HB2, or dual filament light sources other than 

Type HB1 and HB5. The lens of each such headlamp shall be marked with 

the letter ``L''.

    (ii) The upper beam shall be provided by the inboard lamp (or the 

lower one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to:

    (A) The upper beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, of 

Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the light sources in the headlamp system 

are any combination of dual filament light sources other than Type HB2; 

or

    (B) The upper beam requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the 

light sources are Type HB2, or dual filament light sources other tha 

Type HB1 and Type HB5. The lens of each such headlamp shall be marked 

with the letter ``u''.

    (e) The following requirements apply to a headlamp system equipped 

with any combination of replaceable light sources except those specified 

in paragraph (d) of this section:

    (1) Headlamps designed to conform to the external aim requirements 

of S7.8.5.1 shall have no mechanism that allows adjustment of an 

individual

[[Page 245]]

light source, or, if there are two replaceable light sources, 

independent adjustment of each reflector.

    (2) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting of two 

lamps, each containing a combination of two replaceable light sources 

(other than those combinations specified in subparagraph (d) of this 

paragraph) shall be provided only as follows:

    (i) The lower beam shall be provided in one of the following ways:

    (A) By the outboard light source (or the uppermost if arranged 

vertically) designed to conform to the lower beam requirements of Figure 

17-1 or Figure 17-2; or

    (B) By both light sources, designed to conform to the lower beam 

requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2.

    (ii) The upper beam shall be provided in one of the following ways:

    (A) By the inboard light source (or the lower one if arranged 

vertically) designed to conform to the upper beam requirements of Figure 

17-1 or Figure 17-2; or

    (B) By both light sources, designed to conform to the upper beam 

requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2.

    (3) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting of 

four lamps, using any combination of replaceable light sources except 

those specified in subparagraph (d) of this paragraph, each lamp 

containing only a single replaceable light source, shall be provided 

only as follows:

    (i) The lower beam shall be produced by the outboard lamp (or upper 

one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to the lower beam 

requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. The lens of each headlamp 

shall be permanently marked with the le